The structure of odontogenic inflammation among children / Монголын Анагаах Ухаан

Introduction@#The department of Maxillofacial surgery of the National Center for Maternal and Child Health (NCMCH) has a nationwide tertiary medical service for the children who is with congenital orofacial anomalies, facial injury, nonmalignant tumors of this area, and inflammations of maxillofacial area following odontogenic infection and other reasons as well. For the last years the number of the patients who are with odontogenic inflammation on the department has been growing constantly meaning that the necessity of medical care for our countries for children is also growing. Therefore by studying and analyzing the structure of the odontogenic inflammation and to determine the most frequent odontogenic inflammation among children in our country, to prevent them, define the treatment plan.@*Aim@#To clarify what kind of odontogenic maxillofacial inflammatory diseases mainly occurs among Mongolian children. @*Materials and Method@#We included all patients who are with odontogenic inflammation and underwent emergency and planned surgery in the department of Maxillofacial surgery, NCMCH between 2014-2018. </br> We used descriptive method based on the information of inpatients history record between 2014.01.01- 2018.12.31 at the department of Maxillofacial surgery, NCMCH and using our own –designed, prescreened survey card.</br> Statistical data processing is done using Microsoft Office-2019, SPSS for windows and STATA programs, and the results are shown illustrated method. The survey identified the incidence and frequency of each disease classification, and analyzed the characteristics of the child’s age, sex, and residency.@*Result @#In total 3533 children with odontogenic inflammation, whom age range is 0-18 years old, admitted at the department of Maxillofacial surgery for the surgical treatment were involved in this study.</br> Among which 1452(41.1%) male, 2081(58.9%) female. Considering the residency 2918(82.5%) children from Ulan-Bator and 615 (17.5%) children from countryside. The most of patients, who involved in this study were with odontogenic periostitis of maxillofacial area (67.5%), most were girls and preschool age (3-5 ages).@*Conclusion@#Based on the result of our study the most frequent inflammation was odontogenic periostitis of maxilla and mandible bone with 67.5%. The odontogenic phlegmon of orofacial area was the 2nd most frequent with 25.1%.</br> Inflammation of maxillofacial area was most frequent in 3-5 age group (preschool age) with 41.4%, and mostly in male. Considering the residency with 82.5% highest in Ulanbator.

Prevalence and Reasons of halitosis / Монголын Анагаах Ухаан

Introduction@#Halitosis (Latin word: halitus – to breathe), osostomia, stomatodysodia (fetor oris, fetor ex ore) is called bad breath. Halitosis prevalence has been found in European countries is 50-60%, in Germany the percentage is 66.7%, in the U.S population the percentage is 10-30%, and in the Russia the percentage is 30-50%. In Turkey, halitosis has been 14.5% among children and it has direct association with their age, oral hygiene, and caries severity. Among world population, 80-90% people have halitosis, and in terms of its prevalence it ranks after periodontal disease and dental caries diseases. Thus, to determine halitosis among Mongolians might help improve oral hygiene, prevent oral and other diseases.@*Goal@#To study assessed factors influenced halitosis and prevalence in Mongolia.@*Materials and Methods@#1492 patients who attended in dental clinic participated in this study. 16 questionary items were asked from a total of 1492 patients aged 19-55 years old who had anxious of halitosis. In clinical room, under the artificial light, using single-use examination tools, coloring-agent, periodontal probe, tongue-scraper and halimeter were used. </br> The studying “Reasons and prevalence for halitosis” was estimated processing result with spss-17 program, and conducted a descriptive analysis of the quantitative data that was used the basic biostatics method and indicated STUDENT- T criterion in the average data for the arithmetic in each indicator, standard variance, standard error and real limits. Each indicator (M) Standard variance Standard error (m) Real limits (c1-95%). </br> The ethics was discussed and approved in according to warrant by the Ethics Committee of Medical University in Novosibirsk, №085, 2015.@*Results@#Total 816 people conducted in our study; from them 60% has bad breath complaint. Those who said have bad breath, 24% don’t notice they have bad breath, 34% have noticed their bad breath and use mouth rinse in order to get rid of their problem and have never sought medical treatment about it. 10% people with halitosis have general factors causing this problem. These people had relatively healthy mouth and 2.1% of them have halitophobia or fear of having bad breath and constantly get checked with physician. </br> In our research, 20 to 50 and above year olds 816 people have included and out of them 40% were male and 60% were female (Table 2). From them, 61% had bad breath and 39% had not (Figure 1). In males 68% had bad breath, in females 56% had bad breath and these occur to be caused by local factors.</br> In finding causes of bad odors in people with halitosis, 90% had local problems and within local problems; smoking, poor oral hygiene, caries complication, and gum inflammation predominantly discovered. 10% had general and other problems of causes of bad breath (Figure 2). In people with halitosis, 10% had found with general factors influencing their bad breath problem. These people had relatively healthy mouth, and 2.1% of them have halitophobia or fear of having bad breath and constantly get checked with physician.</br> Local factors influencing halitosis include; smoking (37%), bleeding gum (28%), tongue biofilm (3.0+3.1), poor oral hygiene (1.5+1.4), periodontal pocket (4.2+3.87), denture (54.8%(. Using organoleptic method of measuring mouth odor, the mean point was 2.25±2.3. Using halitometer, average light sulfuric gas concentrate was 145±134.2 ppb. 20-29 year olds had 140±127.5, 30-39 year olds had 155±136.8, 40-49 year olds had 140±139.5, 50 and above aged people had 139±134.1 ppb, thus there were no association between age and mouth odor (Table 3).@*Conclusion@#</br>1. The Halitus is occurred 61%, And 68% - men, 56% - women, that is more common in Mongolian population. </br>2. The general condition of halitus that is taken 90% - oral environment, which of that is 37% - smoking, 28% - bleeding of gingival, 3.0-3.1% - coating of tongue, 1.5+1.4% poor oral cares, 4.2+3.87% - dental pathology, and 54.8% - artificial teeth. </br>3. The oral offensive odor was evaluated by organoleptic method that was 2.25+2.3 in average index (performance) and 145+134.2ppb in halitometres index.

The structure of disease among children department of maxillofacial surgery / Монголын Анагаах Ухаан

Introduction@#The department of Maxillofacial surgery of the National Center for Maternal and Child Health (NCMCH) has a nationwide tertiary medical service on the patients who is with congenital orofacial anomalies, facial injury, nonmalignant tumors of this area, and inflammations of maxillofacial area following dental caries and other reasons as well. For the last years nationwide the number of inpatient of the department has been growing constantly meaning that the necessity of medical care for our countries for children is also growing. Therefore by studying and analyzing the structure of the illness of the department will be able to determine the most frequent orofacial illness among children in our country, to prevent them, define the treatment plan.@*Aim@#To clarify what disease in the Maxillofacial area mainly occurs among Mongolian children. @*Materials and Method@#We included all patients who underwent emergency and planned surgery in the department of Max-illofacial surgery, NCMCH between 2014-2015. </br> We used descriptive and case-control method based on the information of inpatients history record between 2014.01.01-2015.01.01 at the department of Maxillofacial surgery, NCMCH and using our own –designed, pre-screened survey card. </br> Statistical data processing is done using Microsoft Office-2017 and SPSS for windows programs, and the results are shown illustrated method. The survey identified the incidence and frequency of each disease classification, and analyzed the characteristics of the child’s age, sex, and residency.@*Result@#The most of patients, who involved in this study were with the inflammation of maxillofacial area (57%), and the congenital orofacial clefts (24.4%). </br> In total 3300 children from 0-18 years old admitted at the department of Maxillofacial surgery and Infants study for orofacial surgery treatment were involved in this study. </br> Among which were 1803(54.6%) male, 1497(45.4%) female. Considering the residency, 2525(76.5%) children from Ulaanbaatar and 775 (23.5%) children from countryside. The most of patients, who involved in this study, were with the inflammation of maxillofacial area (57%), and the congenital orofacial clefts (24.4%).@*Conclusion@#Based on the result of our study the highest incidence among the participants was inflammation of maxillofacial area with 57% in which odontogenic periostitis was the most frequent with 21.6%. Congenital orofacial clefts and disorders was the 2^nd most frequent with 24.4%. Inflammation of maxillo-facial area was most frequent in 0-2 age group with 33.7%, and mostly in male. Considering there were residency with 83.2% highest in Ulaanbaatar and mostly in Bayanzurkh district with 24.7%.